粉末冶金涡轮盘精密加工技术研究现状

Research Status of Precision Machining Technology of Powder Metallurgy Turbine Disk

先进航空发动机涡轮盘的结构集成化和粉末冶金成形方式的采用给机械加工带来了新的挑战,难加工特征多、材料切削效率低、加工表面质量不易保证、加工易变形等问题十分突出。为此,国内外研究者提出了很多加工涡轮盘的方法。在深入分析涡轮盘结构和粉末冶金材料切削性能的基础上,阐述了涡轮盘关键特征的加工难点及对应的加工方法,并对加工表面完整性控制做了详细分析。同时,结合目前机床和磨削技术进展、涡轮盘的新结构和粉末冶金材料带来的加工难点,总结了粉末冶金涡轮盘加工刀具选用原则,并指出电加工开粗+超硬磨料磨削组合加工的方式是实现粉末涡轮盘榫槽低成本精密高效加工的有效方法之一。

It remains challenges to machine advanced aero-engine powder metallurgy turbine disk with structure integration.Low cutting efficiency,poor surface quality and distortion are the major obstacles.Therefore,researchers in the world have proposed many ways to process turbine disk.This paper reviews the structures of powder metallurgy turbine disks and their cutting properties,discussing the key issues in machining along with existing methodology,as well as surface integration after machining.Finally,the article summarizes some of the tool selecting principles available.It is believed combining wire electrical discharge machining(WEDM)and the super-hard abrasive grinding may be an effective and economic process for final finish of powder metallurgy turbine disks.