黑龙江工业城市建设用地时空扩张遥感监测

Remote sensing monitoring for temporal and spatial expansion of construction land of industrial cities in Heilongjiang

为揭示2000─2015年间黑龙江省工业城市建设用地扩张规律,以哈尔滨、大庆、齐齐哈尔3个城市(分别简称哈、大、齐)为研究对象,选取2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年Landsat遥感影像为数据源,基于扩张强度与速度指数、紧凑度、增长弹性系数、分维指数、变异系数和空间重心转移模型等,探讨哈、大、齐建设用地扩张时空特征。研究表明:2000─2015年间哈、大、齐城市建设用地扩张态势显著,建设用地增长近1倍;城市整体投资效益不高,其中大庆建设用地利用效益最低且年均扩张变化率的变异系数最大,齐齐哈尔与哈尔滨年均扩张变化率的波动相对较弱; 2000─2010年间工业城市扩张形态简单,2010─2015年间扩张模式趋于多元化且边缘不规则、形态复杂;哈尔滨呈现"北跃南拓、东优西扩"发展格局,大庆呈现斜"T"形扩张格局,齐齐哈尔呈现斜"上"字扩张态势;哈尔滨的西南、西北部已成为城市扩张的热点区,大庆建设用地重心移动轨迹为"西南—东南—西南",齐齐哈尔建设用地有自东北向西南移动的趋势; 2000—2010年间除大庆外其他城市重心向市政府方向移动,2010—2015年间向远离市政府方向移动;建议政府在工业城市发展过程中制定适宜的土地利用总体规划,加强监管力度,切实提高土地利用效益,从而保护耕地资源。

In order to reveal the urban construction land expansion rules of the industrial cities in Heilongjiang during 2000─2015,the authors,taking Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar(Ha-Da-Qi)as the research objects,selected the Landsat remote sensing images acquired in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 as the data source and,based on expansion speed and intensity index,compactness,growth elasticity coefficient,area weighted points dimension index,variable coefficients and spatial center of gravity transfer model,explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of the construction land expansion of Harbin,Daqing,and Qiqihar.The research results show that,during 2000─2015,the expansion trend of Ha-Da-Qi city construction land was significant,the construction land increased by nearly 1 time than before.Ha-Da-Qi city investment efficiency is not high during 2000─2015.Among them,the construction land use efficiency in Daqing was the lowest and the variation coefficient of annual expansion rate of Daqing was the largest,while the fluctuation of Qiqihar and Harbin was relatively weak.During 2000─2010 the expansion form of the industrial city was simple.Nevertheless,during 2010─2015 the expansion mode tended to be diversified and the edge was irregular and the form was complex.Harbin formed a development pattern“jumping in the north,extension in the south,improvement in the east and expansion in the west”.Qiqihar showed a expansion trend shaped as oblique word“上”,Daqing exhibited a“T”expansion pattern.The gravity center moving track of Daqing city construction land was a“southwest-southeast-southwest”route,and Qiqihar had the northeast-southwest moving trend.The southwest and northwest of Harbin City became the hot spots of the urban expansion.From 2000 to 2010,the center of gravity of cities other than Daqing moved in the direction of the city government and moved away from the city government in 2010-2015.It is suggested that,in the process of the development of the industrial city,the government should make the appropriate land use planning,strengthen the supervision and improve the efficiency of land use so as to protect the farmland resources.