公共产品视野下信用卡滞纳金的法律规制

A Study of Legal Regulation on the Credit Card Overdue Fees From the Perspective of Public Goods

央行信用卡管理新规取消滞纳金而代以违约金的做法,不仅在解决高额滞纳金争议上的实质效果有限,更未触及银行坚持收取滞纳金的症结。现代金融市场要求法律规制从具体的行为与机构管控,转向以减少交易费用和提高风险控制绩效等为核心的金融治理,发挥法律规制作为公共产品的功能。对信用卡滞纳金的法律规制,应在承认银行具有信用管理权力的基础上,强化银行便利持卡人履行义务的合同责任和对持卡人实施风险教育的社会责任,规制银行在信用卡营销中的不当诱导行为,引入行业监管规则并促进其与法律规则、银行内控规则的衔接,并通过公私融合设立行业风险基金、违约责任保险等方法强化整体性的风险控制能力。

The new rules of the central bank's credit card management to cancel the late payment fee and replace it with liquidated damages have not only limited the actual effect of resolving the high amount of late payment fees,but also did not touch the crux of the bank's insistence on collecting late fees.Modern financial markets require that legal regulation shift from specific behaviors and institutional control to financial governance with the core of reducing transaction costs and improving risk control performance,and making the use of legal regulations as public goods.The legal regulation of credit card late payment fees should strengthen the bank's contractual responsibility to facilitate cardholders'performance of obligations and the social responsibility of implementing risk education for cardholders on the basis of recognizing the bank's credit management authority,regulate the bank's improper credit card marketing inductive behavior,introduce industry regulatory rules and promote its connection with legal rules,bank internal control rules,and establish industry risk funds and default liability insurance through public-private integration to strengthen overall risk control capabilities.