失败的公民身份与转化性公民教育

Failed Citizenship and Transformative Civic Education

全球移民,多元族裔对公平的诉求,以及民粹主义和民族主义的兴起,使世界范围内许多国家的公民身份和公民教育发展变得愈加复杂。由于许多种族、民族、文化、语言和宗教群体难以结构性包容于国家体系之中,导致的结果是这些群体既不能内化国家的价值观和精神以形成较高程度的国家认同,亦不能获得政治效能感。他们更为关注本群体的特殊需要和发展目的,淡漠国家整体利益和发展目标。文章将边缘族裔不成功的社会化过程定义为"失败的公民身份",并提出了公民身份类型学的理论模型,详细定义了失败型、认可型、参与型和变革型公民身份的内涵。论文还论述了学校教育在减少失败型公民身份,帮助边缘群体转变为多元文化国家的有效参与型公民方面的重要作用,并详细介绍了转化性公民教育的具体教学措施。

Global migration,the quest by diverse groups for equality,and the rise of populist nationalism have complicated the development of citizenship and citizenship education in nations around the world.Many racial,ethnic,cultural,linguistic,and religious groups are denied structural inclusion into their nation-state.Consequently,they do not fully internalize the values and symbols of the nation-state,develop a strong identity with it,or acquire political efficacy.They focus primarily on particularistic group needs and goals rather than the overarching goals of the nation-state.I conceptualize this process as failed citizenship and present a typology that details failed,recognized,participatory,and transformative citizenship.I describe the role of the schools in reducing failed citizenship and helping marginalized groups become efficacious and participatory citizens in multicultural nation-states.