滇西北地区野生禾草种质资源调查及评价

Investigation and evaluation of wild Gramineae germplasm resources in northwest Yunnan

为了解云南西北部野生禾草种质资源利用现状,选择迪庆藏族自治州和丽江等地州开展野生禾本科牧草种质资源的野外调查和采集。调查发现迪庆和丽江野生禾草资源丰富多样,共采集到包括剪股颖属(Agrostis)、雀麦属(Bromus)、羊茅属(Festuca)、披碱草属(Elymus)、早熟禾属(Poa)、野古草属(Arundinella)等24属51份野生禾草种质资源,并对重要野生禾草种质资源的属种组成、生活型类群、适口性和营养品质等进行了分析和评价。结果显示,迪庆和丽江野生禾草资源营养价值较高,具有较高的开发利用潜力;牧草质量与其生育期、营养品质和适口性有关。今后应根据野生种质资源的本身特性、生境特点和所需用途来选择适宜的保护和利用措施。尤其是加大对藏黄花茅(Anthoxanthum hookeri)、小花野青茅(Deyeuxia neglecta)、甜茅(Glyceria acutiflora)、西南野古草(Arundinella hookeri)、虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)和发草(Deschampsia caespitosa)等野生种质资源的开发利用。这对保障滇西北迪庆等地区草地生态系统的生物多样性和稳定性具有重要意义。

To obtain the utilization status of the wild gramineous forage germplasm resources,we chose the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Lijiang City as the survey sites and investigated the wild gramineous forage germplasm resources in northwest Yunnan.There are huge kinds of wild gramineous forage germplasm resources in Diqing and Lijiang in northwest Yunnan.There were 51 kinds of germplasm resources,which belonged to 24 genera,including Agrostis,Bromus,Festuca,Elymus,Poa,and Arundinella,etc.This study was primarily conducted to discuss and analyze the forage genera composition,its nutritional characteristics,and the palatability of common wild gramineous forage germplasm.The conclusion was that forage quality of wild germplasm in northwest Yunnan was correlated with the phenological period,nutritional quality,and palatability.In the future,we should increase the development and utilization of the wild germplasm resources including Anthoxanthum hookeri,Deyeuxia neglecta,Glyceria acutiflora,Arundinella hookeri,Phalaris arundinacea and Deschampsia cespitosa,which will play an important role in maintaining the biodiversity and stability of grassland ecosystems in Diqing and Lijiang in northwest Yunnan.