两岸一个中国政策的演变及比较分析

The Evolution and Comparative Analysis of the One-China Policy on Both Sides of the Taiwan Straits

大陆方面在20世纪50年代就开始强调一个中国政策,当时主要是针对美国国际社会搞"两个中国"的企图;而20世纪90年代后,大陆不断强调一个中国原则,主要是针对岛内出现"台独"活动。尽管大陆方面一个中国政策的立场始终没有任何变化,但对一个中国政策的前后表述前却有一个策略性调整的过程。台湾方面的一个中国政策前后经历了一个复杂的变化过程,具体包括:两蒋时期对一个中国政策的坚守;李登辉时期对一个中国政策的背离;陈水扁时期对一个中国政策的抛弃;马英九时期对一个中国政策的有限复归;蔡英文上台后对一个中国政策的破坏。上述比较表明,大陆方面的一个中国政策在战略层面上始终没有任何改变,其变化仅仅是策略上的调整;而台湾当局在一个中国政策上的变化则是战略上的根本改变,这是两岸一个中国政策演变的最大不同。

The one-China policy was started to be emphasized in China's Mainland since 1950s.It was mainly directed against the United States and international community’s attempt of creating“two Chinas”.Since 1990s,the one-China policy which China's Mainland continues to stress mainly aims at opposing“Taiwan Independence”movement emerged in the island.Although in China's Mainland,the one-China policy remains unchanged.There is a strategic adjustment process in the way it was stated.In Taiwan,the one-China policy has been through an intricate process of change,including the adherence in the period of Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo,the deviation during Lee Teng-hui’s reign,the abandonment of the policy under Chen Shui-bian,the limited return to the policy under Ma Ying-jeou and the violation caused by Tsai Ing-wen after she took office.The contrast above manifests that there is only strategic adjustment instead of any changes at the strategic level in the one-China policy in China's Mainland.However,as for Taiwan authorities,it is a fundamental change in strategy,which is the biggest difference between the evolution of the one-China policy on both sides of the Taiwan Straits.