磨牙症的病因研究与治疗进展

Etiology and treatment progress of bruxism

磨牙症是口腔副功能的一种表现形式,指牙在无意识状态下承受一定强度咬合力的同时,下颌作一定节律的运动或表现出较大运动倾向的现象。长期磨牙会导致牙齿异常磨损,严重磨损则可导致牙敏感症、牙周炎、牙折、牙髓炎等并发症。同时因为磨牙时较大的咬合力,颞下颌关节不可避免地承担了过大的负荷,长此以往会导致颞下颌关节紊乱病。由于长期的用力过度,磨牙症患者常表现有咀嚼肌疲劳、压痛、功能异常及肌肉紧张性疼痛。临床常见到患者咬肌、翼外肌、二腹肌区疼痛,有时还会出现咬肌肥大,甚至还伴有颈、背等部位的肌痛。部分患者甚至伴有自主神经系统症状和晨起时的头痛。本文主要介绍磨牙症的常见病因及治疗方法的进展,以便让更多的口腔医师能够正确认识该病症,掌握该病症的发生、发展、治疗及预后,从而更好地为患者提供有效的治疗。

Bruxism is a common oral parafunctional activity.It is generally defined as the activity of grinding or gnashing of the teeth at times other than during the mastification.Long-term bruxism can lead to abnormal wearing of teeth,and severe wearing can lead to dental hypersensitivity,periodontitis,tooth decay,and pulpitis.Because of larger occlusal force,the temporomandibular joint bears an excessive load,which often results in temporomandibular joint disorders.Due to excessive force,patients suffering from bruxism often complain of masticatory muscle fatigue,tenderness,dysfunction,and myalgia.Pain is commonly seen in masseter muscles,exoskeleton muscles,and digastric muscles,sometimes masseter muscle hypertrophy,and even myalgia of the neck and back.Some people even have autonomic nervous system symptoms and headaches in the morning.This article mainly introduces the common causes of bruxism and progress of treatment methods,so that more dentists can correctly understand the disease,master the treatment and prognosis,thus to better provide effective treatment for patients.