狄斯瓦螨与蜜蜂的寄生关系

The parasite-host relationship between Varroa destructor and honeybees

蜜蜂Apis spp.是重要的经济昆虫,也是研究最为深入和广泛的社会性昆虫。狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor是蜜蜂的体外寄生虫,是对西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera蜂群健康危害最为严重的生物因子。近十多年来,由于全球蜂群损失现象严重,而同时以蜜蜂为代表的授粉昆虫的健康直接关系到农业生产和生态安全,关于狄斯瓦螨与蜜蜂的寄生关系的研究受到极大关注。作为社会性昆虫的一种体外寄生虫,狄斯瓦螨不仅需要适应蜜蜂个体的生长发育,借助蜜蜂化蛹期间的封盖期完成繁殖,同时还要能够逃避蜜蜂社会性行为的清理。本文从狄斯瓦螨的生物学特性以及其与寄主间的互作关系等方面进行论述,以期进一步理解寄生虫-无脊椎动物寄主(特别是社会性昆虫寄主)的相互作用,为寄生虫病学研究提供借鉴。

Honeybees(Apis spp.)are important economic insects and are one of the most basic and widely studied social insects.Varroa destructor,an ectoparasite of honeybees,is the most serious biotic threat to Western honeybee(Apis mellifera)colony health.Due to the importance of the health of pollinators represented by honeybees to agricultural production and ecological security,the widespread colony losses in the past decade has evoked intensive studies on parasite-host relationship of V.destructor and honeybee.As an ectoparasite of social insect,V.destructor not only need to adapt to the development of individual honeybees and complete its reproduction in a capped brood cell,but also has to be able to escape honeybees social defence against them.In this review,we emphasized on the biological characteristics of V.destructor and the interactions between V.destructor and honeybees.By summarizing this well-studied parasite-host relationship,we aimed to give an example of the interaction between parasite and invertebrate or social insect host,and to promote the understanding of parasitology.