共享经济不经济?——兼评共享经济的模式、定位、内外部经济性和倒闭悖论

Sharing Economy is Not Economical?——Comment on the Model,Orientation,Internal and External Economics,and Paradox of Its Failures

2010年以来,我国共享经济迅速发展,大步进入知识消费、闲置资源配置、衣食住行等生产生活众多领域,也提出理论上深入研究共享经济本质性、发展模式、产品特征和发展规律等问题的必要性。借助类型学的思维归纳共享经济的主要模式,总结共享经济的本质特征。共享经济的经济性主要体现为外部经济,即可循环性和可分享性对用户的经济性;共享经济的可复制性和可替代性又可能陷入"不持续投入就失去市场"、"持续投入却盈利不足"的悖论,导致内部不经济,使共享产品企业显示出发展不可持续的特征。共享产品的选择和发展主要依托两条路径:一是弱化私人品的竞争性,二是提高公共品的排他性。共享产品的经济学属性本质定位于自然垄断品,以规模经济实现更好的盈利。垄断经营是共享经济的盈利模式。值得关注的是,共享产品还需考虑其所处的人文环境和国别差异,否则可能导致共享产品成本高企,制约共享企业发展。

Since 2010,China^sharing economy has developed rapidly,and has made great strides in the fields of knowledge consumption,idle resource allocation,food,clothing,housing,and other production and life.It also proposes the necessity to theoretically study in the essential nature,development model,product characteristics and development rules of sharing economy.This paper summarizes the main modes of the sharing economy based on typological thinking and summarizes the essential features of the sharing economy.The study finds that the sharing economy is mainly embodied in the external economy,which means the economy recyclability and sharability for users.However,the reproducibility and substitutability of the sharing economy are easily plunged into the paradox of u losing the market without continuous investment^and u continued investment but lack of profitability”,which can easily lead to internal diseconomy.The paradox means the unsustainability of the development of sharing enterprises.The choice and development of sharing goods mainly rely on two paths:one is to weaken the competitiveness of private goods,and the other is to increase the exclusivity of public goods.This paper finds that the nature of economics of sharing goods is essentially positioned on natural monopoly goods.Only by achieving economies of scale can we achieve better profitability.Therefore,monopoly management is the best profit model for sharing economy.It is worth noting that the sharing goods needs to take into account the cultural environment and differences between countries where they are located,or the difference may lead to high cost of sharing goods and to restrict share enterprise's development.