言语行为构式的界定及分类研究

A Study on the Definition and Classification of Speech Act Construction

言语行为构式是汉语中的一种常见构式。文章在构式语法理论和言语行为理论基础上,提出并界定了言语行为构式。其成立的前提必须是构式同时该类构式可用于言语行为的表达,并在语用上具有口语化、规约化、主观化、交互主观化、预期性与反预期性的特征。言语行为构式可划分为阐述类言语行为构式、指令类言语行为构式、承诺类言语行为构式、表达类言语行为构式和宣告类言语行为构式五类。

The speech act is a common construct in Chinese.Based on the theory of structural grammar and the theory of the speech act,the speech act structure is proposed and defined.The premise of the formation of the speech act is that the structure can be used for the expression of the speech act.The speech act construction has such characteristics as pragmatics colloquial,statute,subjective,the interaction of subjective,expectation,non-expectation,etc.The classification criteria of the speech act construction can be divided into five categories:descriptive speech act construction,instructional speech act construction,affirmatory speech act construction,expressive speech act construction and declaratory speech act construction.