转向架对高速列车气动性能的影响

Influence of Bogie on Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-speed Trains

随着列车速度不断提高,转向架对整车气动阻力的影响越来越大,也是研究轮轨关系及地面效应的基础。采用数值计算方法对有无转向架列车不同运行速度和横风风速下的气动特性进行了数值计算,研究了转向架对列车气动特性的影响。研究结果表明:当无横风时,有无转向架列车受到的气动阻力和升力均近似与列车运行速度的平方成正比,而转向架受到的空气阻力约占总阻力的25%,且随着列车速度的增加而增加,但增加幅度较小;横风对列车的气动阻力、气动升力、侧向力影响都很大,且相同横风下,考虑转向架时列车的气动阻力约为不考虑时的1.7倍。

With the increase of train speed,bogie has great effect on the aerodynamic resistance of the whole train,and it is also the basis to study the relations of wheel/rail and the ground effect.In this paper,the numerical calculation method is used to study the influence of aerodynamic characteristics of train bogies,and calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the train with and without bogies under the different speed of train and cross wind.The results show that:the aerodynamic resistance and lift of train which with and without bogies are all proportional to the square of train speed approximately.The resistance of bogie is about 25%of the whole train’s,and increase with the speed of train increase,but the increasing range is smaller.Cross wind has great effect for the aerodynamic resistance,aerodynamic lift and yawing force,and under the same condition of cross wind,the aerodynamic resistance with bogies is about 1.7 times to without.