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大生纱厂的纺织技术转移(1895-1937)

Textile Technology Transfer of Dasheng Spinnery(1895-1937)
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摘要 大生纱厂是晚清状元张謇于1895年在通州地区筹建的近代纱厂,1899年建成开工。由于当地棉纺织原料丰富,市场良好,大生连续20余年盈利,先后开办4家纺织厂,为近代纺织技术向通州转移做出了一定的贡献。但随着市场竞争日趋激烈,大生逐渐由盛转衰。1925年大生因负债被银行团接手,并进行了一系列厂务改进,对技术与设备改进与革新。为了满足企业对本土技术人才的需求,1912年张謇动员大生股东筹资创办大生纺织传习所(后更名为南通纺织专门学校),它是中国近代首个纺织技术教育机构。学校所培养的人才建立学术团体,出版刊物传播纺织技术知识。本文旨在厘清大生纱厂对近代纺织技术的引进和消化。 Dasheng Spinnery was a modern spinnery established in the late Qing Dynasty by Zhang Jian in 1895 and was completed in 1899.Boasting the abundant raw materials and good market in the local area,Dasheng gained profits for more than 20 consecutive years.It opened four textile factories and made certain contributions to the transfer of modern textile technologies to Tongzhou.With the increasingly fierce market competition,Dasheng gradually turned from vigor to decline.In 1925,it was taken over by the banking group due to liabilities.Dasheng undertook a series of improvements in factory affairs to ensure the introduction and application of technologies.In order to meet the needs of the company for local technical talents,Zhang Jian mobilized Dasheng’s shareholders to raise funds to establish the Dasheng Textile Training Institute(later renamed Nantong Textile Specialized School)in 1912.It was the first educational institution on textile technologies in modern China.The talents cultivated in this school set up academic groups,published publications,and disseminated knowledge of textile technologies.This paper aims to clarify the introduction and digestion of advanced technologies in Dasheng Spinnery and analyze its development characteristics.
作者 苏轩 Su Xuan(Institute for the History of Nature Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100190,China)
出处 《工程研究(跨学科视野中的工程)》 CSCD 2018年第4期419-427,共9页 JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES
关键词 大生纱厂 纺织技术 技术转移 纺织教育 Dasheng Spinnery textile technology technology transfer textile education
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