国家治理视角下的家户功能及中国经验--基于“深度中国调查”材料的认识

Household Functions and Chinese Experience from the Perspective of State Governance——Understanding Based on Material from “In-depth Fieldwork in China”

家户是中国社会的细胞,国家治理的基石。中国社会具有家户底色,家户的底色决定和影响着国家治理。具有家户底色的中国与个人主义的欧美很不相同,家户承担了很多本应由国家承担的社会功能。国家与家户在社会功能上有分工,也有合作。家户承担着最"私域部分"的社会功能,国家承担着最"公域部分"的社会功能,家户无法解决的社会功能就由国家承担。在国家不在场的情况下,家户的社会功能主要取决于家户的规模和家户的治理能力,即在其他因素不变的情况下,家户的社会功能与家户规模、家户治理能力呈正向关系。在国家在场的情况下,家户的社会功能则取决于国家治理能力和家户治理能力,即在其他因素不变的情况下,家户的社会功能与家户的治理能力呈正向关系,与国家治理能力呈反向关系。因此,国家要根据工业化、城市化的进程以及家户的治理能力,及时调整家户和国家承担功能的份额和负担比重,合理处理家户的社会功能和国家的家户功能的关系。

Households are the cells of Chinese society,and the cornerstone of state governance.Household plays a fundamental role in China.In terms of social functions,the state and household have a shared division of labor and they also cooperate.Households bear the most“private domain”of social function.The state performs the most“public domain”of the social function,and in the case the social function that cannot be solved by households is fulfilled by the state.In the absence of the state,the social function of households depends mainly on the size of households and the ability of household governance.In the case of the presence of the state,the social function of households depends on the ability of both state governance and household governance.Therefore,according to the process of industrialization and governance capacity of households,the state should adjust the proportion of the share of functions and burdens between households and the state,and reasonably manage the relationship between the social functions of households and the household functions of the state.