试论洪武初年山东莱芜的枣强移民——基于古嬴吴氏家族及其族谱的考察

On Zaoqiang Migrants in Shandong Laiwu During Early Years of Hongwu-A Case Study of Ancient Ying Wu Family and Its Genealogy

目前有关明代山东移民的最早记录,为洪武二年(1369)河北口外人迁至临清、东昌。而莱芜县的移民在元末明初形成了小高峰。莱芜移民潮相关的记载,除《莱芜县乡土志》之外,也可从现存族谱、碑刻、家族人士对移民经历口耳相传的资料中找到。吴氏家族是枣强移民中的一支,但其军籍身份又在明初移民中具有特殊性。借助口述史资料和田野调查成果,可以对吴氏家族始居何处、何时具有军籍身份、是否为政府强制性迁移进行探讨。

At present,the earliest records of Shandong migrants in the Ming Dynasty are those about the migration of Hebei people north of the Great Wall to Linqing and Dongchang in the second year of the Reign of Hongwu(1369).Migration into Laiwu county reached a small peak at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the start of Ming Dynasty.Records of the migration wave in Laiwu,apart from Laiwu County Rural Records,can be found in genealogies,tablet inscriptions,and oral materials of migrating experiences from family members.The Wu family was among the Zaoqiang migrants,but its military status was obviously special among early Ming Dynasty migrants.With help from oral history materials and field study achievements,we can have discussions about issues such as where the Wu family lived originally,when its military status was obtained,and whether it was government compulsory migration or not.