西汉扬雄《太玄》律学思想的初步认识

Initial Understanding of the Thoughts on Phonetics in Taixuan written by Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty

音律学是两汉时期在阴阳五行学说之外、建立在严密的数术逻辑之上的另一个可操作性的表意系统。《太玄》律学以"三以?数"的算数认识,对我们认识西汉律学有重要意义:哲学上是天人同度,思想上是邹衍齐学,方法上是策算行运,目的上是推历生律。它上承司马迁、京房,下启班固、荀勖。阴阳和五行是中国哲学的元范畴,但在扬雄律学思想中,阴阳和五行不仅仅是思辨对象,也是他思维的可操作性的逻辑框架,在两汉思想史上有重要的贡献。尤其应该注意的是,扬雄律学走出了八卦易学的二分思维,而与中国音律学的三分思维一致,特别强调了"三"在其律学中的关键意义。

Phonetics is another operable signification system established in the rigorous algorithmic logic in addition to the doctrine of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in the two Han dynasties period.The phonetics quoted in Taixuan has the algorithmic concept of“the number three solicits all other numbers”,which is a great inspiration for our understanding of the phonetics in the Western Han Dynasty:man is an integral part of nature in the philosophical sense;Zou Yan’s studies on Qi in terms of thoughts;forecasting and planning in terms of methodology;and to confer and generate calendar and phonetics in terms of purpose.Yang Xiong’s ideas are borrowed from Sima Qian and Jingfang and have direct influences on Ban Gu and Yun Xu.Yin-Yang and Five Elements,as original concepts of the Chinese philosophy,not only are the subjects of thinking and arguments in Yang Xiong’s ideas about phonetics but also constitute an operable logical framework for his thoughts and have a special place in the history of thoughts of the two Han dynasties.What is worth special attention is that Yang Xiong’s phonetics are not confined by dichotomy of Eight Diagrams and I-ching but are in line with the trichotomy of Chinese phonetics which emphasize significant role of the number three.