中国水资源利用与保护40年(1978～2018年)

The Utilization and Protection of Water Resource in China( 1978-2018)

改革开放以来,中国的经济社会发生了天翻地覆的变化,水资源利用与保护的行为、理念、理论研究和应用实践等也随之发生很大的变化。因此,系统总结中国水资源利用与保护过去40年发展历程、展望未来面向国家新时代发展需求,具有十分重要的意义。通过查阅文献资料,作者系统梳理了1978～2018年中国水资源利用与保护发展过程,并将其划分为三个阶段,即开发为主阶段(1978～1999年)、综合利用阶段(2000～2012年)、保护为主阶段(2013年至今);在分析新时代发展需求的基础上,对未来水资源利用与保护新阶段进行展望,认为保护为主阶段将会延续一段时间(预计到2025年前后),提出"未来将发展到智慧用水阶段"的新研判;对"一带一路"建设、长江经济带发展、京津冀协同发展、雄安新区建设、乡村振兴战略等热点领域的水资源利用与保护重点工作和研究方向提出展望。

Since the reform and opening-up policy in 1978,China s economic and social conditions have changed dramatically.In particular,the vast changes have taken place in the development,utilization and protection of water resources,which is mainly reflected in aspects of behaviors,concepts,theoretical research and practices.Therefore,it is of great significance to summarize the development history of the utilization and protection of China s water resources systematically in the past 40 years and to look forward to the future demand for the new era of the country.Through consulting literature materials,the authors sorted out the development process of water resources utilization and protection from 1978 to 2018 systematically,which was divided into three stages:main development stage from 1978 to 1999;comprehensive utilization stage from 2000 to 2012;major protection stage from 2013 to 2018.Based on the analysis of the demand for the development of the new era in China,this paper looks forward to the new stage of the utilization and protection of water resources in the future,holding that the stage giving priority to protection will continue for a period of time that is expected to be around 2025.It proposes a new research that water resources utilization will be developed into a stage called intelligent water-consumption in the future.In this paper,we analyze the development direction of water resources utilization and protection in several hot spots in the future and put forward its prospect.