考虑区域承载力的水资源效率研究

Study of Water Resources Efficiency by Considering the Regional Water Carrying Capacity

在目前已有的区域水资源效率研究中,多数研究只考虑区域用水总量,忽略了区域水资源禀赋,因此,有必要将水资源承载力引入区域水资源效率的研究中。鉴于数据包络分析不能进行单个决策单元的时间序列比较,作者采用窗口DEA研究了2005～2012年中国考虑区域承载力的水资源效率,并进行了时空演变分析。研究结果表明,中国考虑区域承载力的水资源效率从2005年的0.71提高到2012年的0.79。其中,辽宁、西藏、云南、北京、天津、上海、江苏、浙江、广东、四川的水资源效率较高,这些省份具有与水资源开发利用率相对应的产出水平;河南、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、新疆的水资源效率较低,这些省份具有较高的水资源开发利用程度和相对较低的水资源承载能力。从分区域的结果来看,东部沿海地区和南部沿海地区具有较高的效率,东北地区和北部沿海地区次之,西南地区和西北地区再次之,黄河中游地区和长江中游地区位居最后。因此,在政策制定上,既需要使各区域的发展符合水资源承载力的要求,又需要加强各区域间的产业合作以促进协调发展。

In the current research of the regional water resources efficiency,most studies only considered total regional water consumption as the input factor,ignoring the regional water carrying capacity.Therefore,it is essential to introduce the regional water resources carrying capacity into the research of regional water resources efficiency.Since the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)method is not applicable for the time series comparison of a single Decision Making Units(DMU),the authors adapt the DEA-windows method to study the regional water resources efficiency considering the water carrying capacity during 2005-2012 in China,and also analyze its spatial and temporal evolution.Results show that China s average regional water resources efficiency considering the water carrying capacity increased from 0.71 in 2005 to 0.79 in 2012.Liaoning,Tibet,Yunnan,Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Guangdong and Sichuan,had higher water resources efficiency,which reflected the output levels corresponding to the water resources utilization rate.Henan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and Xinjiang,had lower water resources efficiency,basically reflecting the higher level of water resources utilization and the relatively low water carrying capacity.From the economic regional results,the eastern coastal and southern coastal areas had highest water resources efficiency,the northeast and the northern coast ranked secondly,northwest and southwest areas ranked thirdly,and the midstream areas of the Yellow River and the midstream areas of the Yangtze River ranked last.As a result,it is important for the policy makers to make the regional development conform to the water resources carrying capacity level and also enhance the industrial cooperation to promote the coordinated development among different regions.