公私合作模式中政府的法律责任

The Legal Responsibility of Government in the Public-Private Partnership Model

公私合作模式是由政府主导的公共服务机制创新,其要义在于重新分配国家与社会的公共治理责任。政府在这一模式中的角色发生了较大转变,其不再是公共服务的直接提供者,而是扮演合作者、监管者和担保者的角色。相应地,政府的法律责任可以分解为契约责任、监管责任和担保责任。政府要通过签订协议与私人主体形成一种平等合作、利益共享、风险共担的关系;要站在中立的立场对私人主体提供公共服务实施有效的外部监督;要时刻处于一种"备位",当市场失灵时代替私人主体提供普遍化、均等化的公共服务。政府唯有切实履行这三种责任,才能确保公私合作模式有效运行,实现民生照顾之目的。

The public-private partnership model is an innovation of public service mechanism led by the government.Its main point is to redistribute the responsibility of the state and society in public governance.The role of government in this model has changed dramatically.The government is no longer a direct provider of public services,but a triple role of collaborators,regulators and guarantors.Correspondingly,the government′s legal responsibility can be divided into contractual responsibility,regulatory responsibility and guarantee responsibility.The government should reach a relationship of equal cooperation,benefit sharing and risk sharing with the private subject through signing agreements.The government should implement effective external supervision on public services provided by private subject in a neutral position.The government should be in a position of reserve.When the market fails,it can provide universal and equal public services instead of private subject.Only by fulfilling these three responsibilities can the government ensure the effective operation of the public-private cooperation model and realize the purpose of people′s livelihood care.