屈原抒情模式的本质特征与现代诗词创作的诗学传统

The Essential Characteristics of Qu Yuan's Lyrical Mode and the Poetic Tradition of Modern Poetry Writing

唐诗宋词的典范意义,可以帮助我们掌握旧体诗词写作的基本格式,寻找语言节奏意象抒情等技术性路径。而深入探索中华传统诗词的精髓乃至创作三昧,则来自于以屈原为代表的诗学传统。屈原将忠君爱国、独立不迁、上下求索、好修为常"完美"地结合在一起,以其生命与"修名"为代价,自塑了一个完美人格的典型,成了民族精神的完美象征。屈原以忧国忧民与求君任用二者为中心,形成忧患意识、使命意识与理想美政的融合。屈原是一个有才华、有个性也有明显缺陷的政治家,是一个诗人气质过于强烈的政治家。屈原在仕途遭遇挫折之后的过于强烈的反应,是超乎官场正常氛围的。《离骚》《九章》等作品的自塑形象是古代版的"美图秀秀";而晚年的"颜色憔悴,形容枯槁",与其说是仪表的,不如说是泄愤的。宋代黄伯思"书楚语,作楚声,纪楚地,名楚物"的论述,至今仍然是最简洁可信的表述。屈原自塑了一个北方文化为标志的"循吏"的形象,而另一方面,屈原又是浓烈巫风传统、上古意识形态遗存的继承者、表现者。"作楚声",正是《楚辞》最为直接最为强烈的南方地域风格,往往体现在意境、情调、抒情技巧、比兴象征上。

The canonical significance of Tang poetry and Song ci can help us grasp the basic format of the poetry writing in the old style.It also can help us find the technical path of the language,rhythm,imagery,lyric skills,and so on.However,the intensive study of the essence of traditional Chinese poetry and its writing comes from the poetic tradition represented by Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan combines the following qualities together perfectly:loyalty to the lord and being patriotic,independence and sincerity,unremitting pursuit,and also self-improvement.Taking his life and fame as the cost,he shaped a perfect personality by himself and became the ideal symbol of the national spirit.Focusing on the two factors of being concerned about his country and his people as well as asking for the appointment of the lord,Qu Yuan formed the integration of awareness of unexpected development,the sense of mission and ideal administration.Qu Yuan was a statesman with talent,personality and obvious defects.He was also a statesman with too strong poetic temperament.Qu Yuan showed overly strong reaction after the setback in the official career,which was beyond the normal atmosphere of the officialdom.The self plastic image of Sorrow after Departure and The Nine Elegies was the ancient version of"beautiful picture showing".His haggard face and skinny bone in the old age gave vent to his anger rather than reflect the appearance.Recording the words,sound,place and things of Chu State,being put forward by Huang Bosi in the Song Dynasty,is still the most concise and credible expression in present days.Qu Yuan created an image of an upright official of the symbol of northern culture.In addition,he was also a successor as well as a performer of the strong tradition of witchcraft style and the remains of the ancient ideology."Recording the sound of Chu State"is the most direct and strong southern regional style,which is usually reflected in the artistic conception,sentiment,lyric skills and symbol.