从公共纪念空间到公共休闲空间:广州起义烈士陵园的空间生产

From Public Memorial Space to Public Leisure Space:Production of Space of the Guangzhou Insurrectional Martyr Cemetery Park

转型期城市公共纪念空间从神圣空间向居民休闲空间的转变成为学界和社会的关注热点。以广州起义烈士陵园为例,运用空间生产理论以及观察法、访谈法等质性研究方法,探讨广州起义烈士陵园在城市转型中从神圣纪念空间向市民休闲空间的转变过程、空间主体所起的作用及其内在机制。研究发现:1)广州起义烈士陵园在发展过程中经历了2次空间转换,1954―1978年烈士墓园的空间生产阶段以及1978年到现在公共纪念与休闲空间生产的阶段。2)政府自上而下的主导作用和居民自下而上的休闲需求是推动烈士陵园空间生产的主要动力。3)政府和居民的共同作用,塑造了烈士陵园多样化空间局面。从政府角度来看,不论是空间规划还是符号化空间的建构都是为了更好地强化其神圣空间特质,公共休闲只是一种衍生功能。从居民角度看,休闲需求在居民生活中占据更为重要的位置,由此形成了混合公共空间。

With the rapid development of society and economy,urban public memorial space plays an important role in the development of city and citizens’leisure life.Since the 19th century,academic literature in western countries has paid close attention to the public memorial space that is formed for historical event or battle,and mainly has focused on the memorial function of commemorative space and management function of public space.While in China,the related research was later than foreign,and increasingly drew attention to the conservation and utilization of public memorial space,and mostly,focused on how to design the commemorative space with humanity.The paper chooses the Guangzhou Insurrectional Martyr Cemetery Park as the research case,applies the production of space theory and qualitative research method like literature review,observation and interview to explore how the Guangzhou Insurrectional Martyr Cemetery Park changes its function to meet the diverse demands of different objects with the development of society,and how social objects promote the transformation of its space and what the production mechanism is.The research findings are as follows:First,the Guangzhou Insurrectional Martyr Cemetery Park experienced two transformation of space.One was the space production of heroes’graves from 1954 to 1978;the other was the space production of public memorial and leisure space from 1978 to now.Second,the leading role of government and the leisure demand of citizens are main driving force that promotes the production of martyr’s cemetery park.The Guangzhou Insurrectional Martyr Cemetery Park has been regarded as the special place that contains the memory of history,the production space is commanded by government all the time.To some extent,citizens’leisure demand propels the speed of space production of public memorial and leisure space.Third,the participation of government and inhabitants form diverse spaces.As the objects of martyr cemetery park’s space production,Government and inhabitants affect its’development for their own benefits.For government,no matter the planning of natural space or the construction of symbolic space,they are all to strengthen the commemorative space,leisure space is just a complement.For inhabitants,leisure occupies a more important occasion in daily life,thus forms a mixture of public leisure space and memorial space.