资本循环视角下的中国城乡转型思考

Reflection about the Transformation of Urban and Rural Planning in the View of Capital Circuit Theory

城市化的快速推进和市场经济的迅速发展使得资本循环周期缩短,城市空间的过度开发为资本积累再生产提供了场所,导致城市空间蔓延式增长的矛盾突出。在新型城镇化的背景下,增量主义的城乡发展已不再适应当前的社会环境,中国城乡转型发展迫在眉睫。以新马克思主义资本循环理论为切入点,分析了城乡发展与资本的逻辑关系。首先探究资本循环理论在中国城乡转型背景下的适用性,运用该理论剖析中国城乡转型发展的作用机制;然后从当前面临的各类空间矛盾出发,探讨在新型城镇化过程中政府、规划师、公众三方主体的角色变化,力求引发相关主体对城乡规划转型中的规划思路、管理方式以及制度的思考;最后提出以空间正义为核心,使中国城乡转型发展逐步走向社会公平的价值体系,推动城乡社会空间的相对公正发展。

The rapid progress of urbanization in China and the rapid development of the market economy have led to a shortened cycle of capital,and overexploitation of urban space has provided a place for capital accumulation and capital reproduction.At present,most cities in China are in a period of rapid development,and demand for resources is far away higher than that in the initial period of development.In the period of growth-oriented growth with material construction,capital gains interest through the investment in urban built environment to expand the capital circulation space,triggering the rapid accumulation of urban capital and causing the deterioration of urban-rural relations,reflecting the self-disintegration of urban space and the urban space to the countryside and erosion of space.The severe conflicts between urban and rural space have greatly limited the socio-economic development of cities and rural areas.The transformation of urban and rural areas in China is extremely urgent.In the context of China’s political economy,the process of urbanization in the perspective of capital space production has features of the times.China’s urbanization not only capitalizes on the fixed pattern of Western capital logic,but also moves away from tradition under the strong intervention of the Chinese government.The process of urbanization differs from that in capitalist countries.Taking the new Marxist theory of capital cycle as the starting point,the spatial logic relationship between urban and rural development and capital in China is analyzed in depth.Firstly,in the context of the Chinese system,explore the applicability of the capital cycle theory in the context of China’s urban-rural transformation,use this theory to analyze the mechanism of promoting the transformation of China's urban and rural areas;and then propose the more common spatial contradictions in the current urban-rural transformation in China;Therefore,the proposed response to the crisis is targeted,and as the main body of urban and rural planning,the government,planners,and the public need to change their original positioning and rebuild the interest chain and action network.First of all,the government should play its leading role.In the face of changing capital factors,the government needs to plan the development direction through market assessment,economic measurement and financial analysis;and improve the property rights system to reduce the high cost caused by chaotic transactions;regulate market access system,and implement the real name system of responsibility.Secondly,in the critical period of urban-rural transformation and development,the social responsibility of planners is no longer limited to space practice.It should also cultivate relevant and structural thinking,deeply connect with current social relations,and build a medium for information exchange between government and citizens.In the process of transformation,we strive to induce relevant entities to think about the planning ideas,management methods and systems in the transformation of urban and rural planning,and promote the orderly transformation of urban and rural transformation.Finally,it is proposed that urban and rural development could only build social justice with spatial justice as the core.The value system promotes the relatively fair development of urban and rural social space.