公共性的建构:基于近代中国红十字会疫病防治的考察

Construction of Publicity:Research on Disease Prevention and Control in Modern China Red Cross

近代中国红十字会在疫病防治中医疗机构收费低廉,嘉惠贫病,以期共享医权,普及公共利益;活动领域因早期总分会及附属医疗机构设于城市,便自城市开始,随后延伸至各乡村地区。在疫病防治活动的共同体内,红十字会、民众协同合作,同御疫疠:红会动员,民众参与;红会求助,民众支援;红会鸣谢援助,民众敬谢报恩。红十字会的疫病防治诠释了公共性建构的各主要要素。由于其医药服务并非全部免费,公共利益普及度有限,公共领域的延伸时间稍有滞后,活动地域覆盖面不平等,未能使公共性的建构达到理想状态。这一公共活动为当今公共性的重构提供了历史借鉴。

Modern China Red Cross in disease prevention and control had different public activities,such as cheap fee,benefiting poor sickness,pursuing the popularity of public advantages,sharing the public benefits;the area of its activity began in the city and then extended to rural areas because of the early total and affiliated medical institutions were set up in the city first.And in the community body of the epidemic prevention and control activities,the Red Cross and the people mobilized to collaborate,doctor-patient cooperation against the disease:if the Red Cross mobilized,the people would participate;if the Red Cross asked for help,public supported;if the Red Cross gave thanks to people’s aid,and the people would like to give thanks to the Red Cross too.The Red Cross society’s disease prevention and treatment interpreted the main elements of the publicity construction.Because all the medical service was not free,popularity limited public interests,public domain extension of time lagged,activity area coverage was not congruent,the construction of the publicity failed to achieve an ideal state.This public construction provided a historical reference for today’s publicity reconstruction.