基于PISA阅读素养视角的中考多重文本阅读试题评析——以近年来江苏、浙江和上海中考试题为例

Comment on the Multi-Text Reading Test of the Senior High School Entrance Examination Based on the Perspective of PISA Reading Literacy——Taking Exam Questions Concerned in Jiangsu,Zhejiang And Shanghai from Recent Years as an Example

多重文本阅读重在考查学生"搜索和选择相关文本""深层理解""合作或处理矛盾"的能力。PISA十分强调学生在数字阅读时代中养成多重文本阅读的能力,它将多重文本纳入阅读素养测评框架中,并对多重文本的概念、考题设计、阅读能力进行详细规定,且多重文本的考查力度逐渐增大。基于PISA阅读素养视角,对近年来江苏省、浙江省和上海市中考题的多重文本阅读试题进行梳理分析,发现试题存在材料选择单一化、材料编排固板化、阅读任务考查不到位、阅读任务比例不合理等问题。针对这些问题,命题人员应该明晰文本类型,多采用列表形式的文本材料;适当增加多重文本试题的材料数量和试题数量;关注学生阅读高阶思维的养成,平衡多重文本阅读试题三项考查任务的比例。

Multi-text reading focuses on the ability of students to“search and select relevant texts”,“deep understanding”,and“cooperate or handle conflicts”.PISA places great emphasis on students to develop multiple text readings ability in the digital reading era.It incorporates multiple texts into the reading literacy assessment framework and specifies the concepts of multiple texts,the design of exam questions,and the ability to read.And the examination of multiple texts has gradually increased.Based on the perspective of PISA reading literacy,this paper analyzes the multiple text reading questions in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai in recent years.It is found that there are problems such as simplification of material selection,solidification of materials,failure to read reading tasks,and unreasonable proportion of reading tasks.In response to these problems,propositions should clarify the type of text,use textual materials in the formof lists;appropriately increase the number of materials and questions in multiple text questions;pay attention to the development of students reading high-order thinking,and balance the three examination tasks of multiple text questions.