农业贸易、研发与技术溢出——基于38个国家(地区)的验证分析

Trade, Research and Development and Technology Spillover Effect in Agriculture

本文基于新贸易理论,在估计1995～2015年38个国家(地区)的农业研发资本存量和统计其农业贸易额的基础上,对农业贸易的技术溢出效应进行了研究。研究发现:在农业领域存在显著的贸易技术溢出效应,但是,国内自主农业科研投入仍是各国农业全要素生产率增长的主要来源;各国农业资源禀赋差异会弱化农业贸易的技术溢出效应;在农业贸易的大类里,农业中间品贸易的技术溢出效应相对于农产品贸易、农业资本品贸易来说更加明显;在农业贸易领域,发达经济体承担了更多的技术溢出作用。本文研究为新贸易理论在农业领域的应用提供了更多的经验证据。

Based on the new trade theory,this article calculates capital stock of agricultural research and development(R&D)and volume of trade in agriculture in 38 countries during the period from 1995 to 2015.Based on the calculation,the study examines the technology spillover effect in the agricultural sector.The results show that,first of all,significant technology spillover effects exist in agricultural trade,and domestic R&D is a first cause of technology progress in agriculture.Secondly,the difference in agricultural resource endowment between the importing and exporting countries can weaken the effect of technology spillover effects.Thirdly,in agricultural trade,comparing to trade of agricultural goods or capital goods,the trade of agricultural intermediate goods has a significant technology spillover effect of agricultural trade.Fourthly,the advanced economies have played an important role in technology spillover.The study can provide experimental evidence regarding the utilization of the new trade theory in the agricultural sector.