广东不同地区引种油棕叶片解剖结构对油棕抗寒力的影响

Effects of leaf anatomical structure features on cold resistance of oil palm(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)introduced in different regions in Guangdong Province

为进一步评价早期引种到广东深圳、东莞、茂名、化州、湛江和雷州6个地区(居群)的油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)大树的低温适应能力,以其中38株油棕为对象,对其叶片解剖结构和低温半致死温度(LT_(50))进行观测,并比较分析植株和居群的叶片解剖结构特征与LT_(50)的相关性及影响油棕抗寒力的主要因素。结果表明,油棕叶片解剖结构特征和LT_(50)存在显著的植株间和居群间(中脉维管束长度和细胞结构疏松度除外)差异;油棕植株的叶片中脉维管束宽度以及油棕居群的叶片上角质层厚度、下内皮层厚度、下表皮层厚度、中脉维管束长度和宽度与其他解剖结构之间无显著相关性;油棕植株和居群的叶片解剖结构与LT_(50)之间均无显著相关性;油棕居群的叶片上角质层厚度和植株的叶片海绵组织厚度对LT50分别具有最大的正、负直接影响。

In order to further evaluate effects of leaf anatomical features on cold resistance of oil palm(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)earlier introduced in six regions(populations)in Guangdong Province,i.e.Shenzhen,Dongguan,Maoming,Huazhou,Zhangjiang and Leizhou.Thirty eight individual palms were used for observation of leaf anatomical features and semi-lethal temperature(LT50)and the relationship between leaf anatomical feathers and LT50 and the main factors affecting the cold resistance of oil palm in individual palms and populations were compared and analyzed with the methods of variation,phenotypic correlation and path coefficient.The results showed that there was significant difference in leaf anatomical structure and LT50 in individual palms and populations,but not significant in the length of vascular bundle and cell tense ratio in oil palm populations.The width of vascular bundle in individuals and the thickness of adaxial cuticle,the thickness of abaxial hypodermis,the thickness of abaxial epidermis,the length and the width of vascular bundle in populations were not significantly correlated with other features,and that all of features had no significant correlation with LT50 whether in individuals or in populations.The spongy mesophyII thickness in individuals was the determinant of LT50 with the highest negative direct effect,but the thickness of adaxial cuticle was most important factor with the highest positive direct effect on LT50.