咸阳国际机场出土唐代组玉佩室内清理、分析和复原

Indoor excavation,study and restoration of a Tang Dynasty jade ornament set unearthed at the Xianyang International Airport

2009年7月,陕西省考古研究院在配合西安咸阳国际机场二期扩建工程M98号唐代墓葬的考古发掘中,出土了唐代玉佩饰一组。因条件所限,现场清理困难,为此在现场采用了石膏包封护提取法,将其转运回实验室进行微型发掘。根据组玉佩的保存状况,结合以往微型发掘的相关经验,对其进行逐层清理。通过和考古学者讨论,查阅有关唐代组玉佩方面的资料,圆满完成了组玉佩的复原工作。同时对组玉佩各个组件材质进行显微镜观察、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)科学分析,确定组玉佩金属挂钩为鎏金青铜质地;玉佩为透闪石质软玉;料珠为铅玻璃。但由于风化严重,淡绿色的玻璃表面被碳酸铅完全覆盖,目前整体呈白色;两端的坠为方解石。

In July 2009,a set of jade ornaments was unearthed during Tomb M98 excavation as part of the extension project of Xianyang International Airport.Due to the limited conservation supplies,conservators packed the entire set in plaster and moved it back to the lab.Then micro-excavation was conducted layer by layer,along with cleaning and documentation(such as drawing,photographing and description).The jade ornament set was successfully restored through discussion with archaeologists and review of the literature,as well as reference to previous similar conservation work.In the meantime,a series of scientific analysis were carried out.The results show that 1)the hook was made of bronze with a gilt surface;2)the jade plate was made of nephrite;3)the beads were made of lead glass that was originally yellowish green,but the surface of which is now covered with a white layer of lead carbonate due to serious corrosion;4)the two pendants were made of calcite.