摩尔与国王--维特根斯坦论“世界图像”的无理据性

Moore and the King: Wittgenstein on the Groundlessness of World-Pictures

在《论确定性》第92码段中的一场思想实验中,维特根斯坦虚构了一个国王,国王除了被告知其出生的时候即为世界开端以外从未被告知任何事情,国王因而会相信在我们看来显然是荒谬的事情。但我们能否阐明我们与国王不同的信念间谁的是正确的或是荒谬的吗?维特根斯坦在此处探讨了某人是否可能有充足的理由相信与多数人的基础信念截然相反的东西。不可能阐明某人的世界图像之基础信念是正确的吗?绝不可能证明某人的基础信念在事实面前具有正确性、真理性和恰当性吗?尝试回答上述问题后,本文将给出一种遭到有些学者明确反对的"文化相对论"的解释,并将以阐述"文化的"或"世界图像相对论"的问题作结。

In On Certainty no.92,by means of a thought experiment,Wittgenstein introduces the figure of a fictional king who has never been told anything but that the world began to exist with his birth and who is correspondingly convinced of something that we believe to be apparently absurd.But are we able to demonstrate the correctness or suitability of our different conviction?Wittgenstein discusses here the question whether it is possible for somebody to be convinced of something with good reason that is quite contrary to the fundamental convictions that most of us were hold.After suggesting answers to these questions,this article will offer an interpretation that might be described as“cultural relativism”.Some scholars explicitly reject such a reading of On Certainty.The article will therefore conclude with two comments on the problems of“cultural”or“world-picture relativism”.