Legalitt与Legitimitt的翻译和理解问题

Translation and Understanding of Legalitt and Legitimitt

在实践哲学语境中,尤其是在现代政治哲学、法哲学语境中,Legalitt与Legitimitt问题具有非常重要的地位。如何处理Legalitt与Legitimitt的关系问题,既是理解现代政治问题的关键,又是理解现代政治哲学、法哲学问题的关键。因而,深入讨论Legalitt与Legitimitt的翻译和理解问题,既具有重要学术价值,又具有重要现实意义。然而,在国内学术界,关于Legalitt与Legitimitt有着不同的翻译(例如:合法性与正当性、正当性与合法性、合法律性与合法性),从而有着不同的理解(例如:合法性=合法律性、合法性=合理性≠合法律性、合法性→合法律性)。在综合分析从M.韦伯到C.施米特、从基希海默到哈贝马斯关于Legalitt与Legitimitt的关系不同理解的基础上,得出了本文的结论:(1)Legalitt与Legitimitt最好译为"合法律性与合法性"——这既有词源学依据,又有文本学依据;(2)"合法律性"(Legalitt)是"合法性"(Legitimitt)的一种形式,但不是唯一形式;(3)即使"合法性"被称为"合法律性"时,"合法性"(Legitimitt)与"合法律性"(Legalitt)既不能完全等同,也不能相互代替。

In the context of practical philosophy,especially modern political philosophy and philosophy of law,the problem of Legalitat and Legitimitat is of great importance.How to deal with the relationship between Legalitat and Legitimitat,is not only the key to understand the questions of modern politics,but also the key to understand the questions of modern political philosophy and philosophy of law.Therefore,it has important academic values and practical significances of in-depth discussions about the translation and understanding of Legalitat and Legitimitat.In domestic academic circles,however,Legalitat and Legitimitat have different ways of translation(e.g.legitimacy and justification,justification and legitimacy,legality and legitimacy),which have different interpretations(e.g.legitimacy=legality,legitimacy=rationalty≠legality,legitimacy→legality).Based on the comprehensive analysis of different interpretations of Legalitat and Legitimitat from Marx Weber to Carl Schmidt,from Otto Kirchheimer to Habermas,we can reach the conclusion that:(1)Legalitat and Legitimitat can be translated as“legality and legitimacy”,which has the etymological and textological basis;(2)“Legality”(Legalitat)is a form of“legitimacy”(Legitimitat),but not the only form;(3)Even if“legitimacy”(Legitimitat)is referred to as“legality”(Legalitat),they cannot be fully equal or replace each other.