我国近年来报复社会型暴力犯罪的刺激因素及其社会对策分析——以“紧张理论”为视角

An Analysis on the Stimulus Factors and Social Countermeasures of Retaliation against Social Violent Crimes in China in Recent Years——From the Perspective of “Tension Theory”

产生于20世纪美国的紧张理论是现代犯罪社会学理论的重要组成部分,该理论构建了"消极外部因素引发紧张,紧张滋生犯罪"的犯罪产生机制。而近年来,我国的报复社会型暴力犯罪成为备受社会关注的一类犯罪问题。通过对此类案件的了解,发现行为人往往在某种(些)外部因素的刺激下产生悲观厌世情绪,进而不顾后果地实施犯罪,其形成过程符合紧张理论的罪因模式。从治理此类犯罪的角度来看,明确外因类型是对症下药、取得最大化效益的前提。从紧张理论的视角出发,以我国2010年以来发生的23例报复社会型暴力犯罪为素材,对近年来此类犯罪的主要刺激源进行梳理,从而明确社会对策的着力方向。

The theory of tension,which originated in the United States in the 20th century,is an important component of the modern sociology of crime theory.The theory constructs a crime generating mechanism that“negative external factors lead to tension and tension breeds crime”.However,in recent years,the revenge of violent crimes in our country has become a kind of crime that attracts much attention from the society.Through the understanding of such cases,we can find that the actors often produce pessimistic mood under the stimulus of some external factors(or some),and then commit crimes regardless of the consequences.The formation process conforms to the crime cause model of the tension theory.From the point of view of controlling such crimes,it is the premise to define the type of external factors to suit the remedy to the case and obtain maximum benefits.Therefore,from the perspective of the theory of tension,this paper combs the main stimulus sources of such crimes in recent years based on 23 cases of revenge crimes of social violence that have occurred in our country since 2010 so as to clarify the direction of social countermeasures.