我国校外培训机构的市场准入管制转型:理论与路径

The New Governance of Shadow Education under the Market Entrance Regulation:Theory and Approches

近四十年来,我国校外培训行业的市场准入管制逐步从行政审批模式向负面清单模式转型,但在转型过程中仍有诸多不足亟待解决。各界呼吁政府提高教育培训市场的准入标准、加强事前审批监管,这种行政监管方式忽视了教育培训产业的特征,也不利于教育培训行业的公平竞争。从规制理论、可竞争市场理论以及消费者权益理论的三个理论维度来看,对校外培训机构的治理中应当发挥竞争政策的基础性作用,借鉴日本、美国对于校外培训机构的市场准入管制经验,不仅要依靠市场机制保障校外培训行业的竞争秩序,还要厘清与行业协会的监管责任分工。因此在我国校外培训机构的市场准入管制转型过程中,有必要明确市场准入的负面清单,清理在准入环节对于资质获取、权益保障等方面存在排除或限制市场竞争的法规政策,同时也要发挥行业协会的协同治理作用,强化对市场主体法律责任的监督机制。

In the past forty years,the market entrance regulation of shadow education institutions has gradually changed from the administrative approval model to the negative list model,but there are many the features of education and training industry,and undermines the market competition order.In view of the regulation theory,contestable markets theory and consumer paramountcy theory,the competition policy should play a fundamental role in the management of shadow education institutions.Drawing on the experience of Japan and the United States,t s necessary to rely on market mechanism to guarantee the competition order of afterschool training market and to clarify the supervision responsibility with the industry associations.Therefore,in the transformation process of the shadow education institutions market entrance regulation,it is necessary to publish a clear negative list,remove the laws and policies which exclude or restrict the market competition in the aspects of eligibility acquisition and rights guarantee,involve industry associations in the management process,and strengthen the monitor mechanism of legal liability.