纳米氧化锌体内抗肿瘤性能:机制、安全性还有待系统深入的评估

Antitumor properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles: further investigations is needed on its mechanism and safety

背景:氧化锌纳米颗粒由于其高度选择性及自身有效肿瘤杀伤作用,在肿瘤治疗方面显示出很大的应用前景。纳米氧化锌以其选择性靶向能力和优良抗癌效果及良好的生物相容性、安全性及长效性,在医学应用尤其是抗肿瘤方面表现出巨大潜力。目的:综述纳米氧化锌与肿瘤的关系及其抗肿瘤机制。方法:应用计算机检索2008年1月至2018年1月PubMed、Elsevier(ScienceDirect)及Web of Science期刊引文索引数据库相关文章,检索词为"zinc oxide nanoparticles或者ZnO NPs,tumor或者Cancer,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索2008年1月至2018年2月CNKI学术总库及万方数据库相关文章,检索词为"纳米氧化锌,肿瘤",并限定文章语言种类为中文。结果与结论:大量研究表明,纳米氧化锌在很多肿瘤细胞系中显示出了很好的抗瘤性能,并且具有良好的生物相容性、安全性、长效性及靶向选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞等优点。纳米氧化锌的细胞毒性机制主要是纳米颗粒在细胞内溶解释放出锌离子,诱导活性氧产生,导致锌介导的蛋白活性失衡和氧化应激,导致细胞凋亡、自噬及基因损伤的发生,最终导致肿瘤细胞死亡。但目前对于纳米氧化锌的体内抗瘤性能和安全性研究还相对比较缺乏,有待系统深入评估。

BACKGROUND:Owing to the selective targeting ability and excellent tumor killing capacity,zinc oxide has shown great potential in the antitumor treatment.Zinc oxide nanoparticles also show huge potential in the medicine and especially in the antitumor treatment because of selective targeting ability,excellent anti-cancer effect as well as good biocompatibility,safety and long-term efficacy.OBJECTIVE:To review the relationship between zinc oxide nanoparticles and tumors and the anti-tumor mechanism.METHODS:A computer-based online search of related papers was performed in PubMed,Elsevier(ScienceDirect)and Web of Science databases(from January 2008 to January 2018)using the key words of“(zinc oxide nanoparticles OR ZnO NPs)AND(tumor OR cancer)”in English,and in CNKI and Wanfang databases(from January 2008 to February 2018)using the key words of“zinc oxide nanoparticles,tumor”in Chinese.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A large number of studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles have good anti-tumor properties in many tumor cell lines,and have good biocompatibility,safety,durability and selective targeting ability to kill tumor cells.The main antitumor mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles are mediated through the release of zinc ions,which lead to imbalance of intracellular zinc-mediated protein,elevation of reactive oxygen species production,and result in cell apoptosis,autophagy and genetic damage,eventually contributing to tumor cell death.However,further investigations are needed on the antitumor property and safety of zinc oxide nanoparticles in vivo.