高校教师出国访学的现实困境与改革路径——基于22名教师访谈数据的质性分析

The problems of university teachers′ academic visiting abroad and solutions:based on a qualitative analysis of interviews with 22 teachers

在高等教育国际化大背景下,全球高校都非常重视丰富教师国际经历、提高教师国际能力。在我国高校教师出国访学的现象越来越普遍的背景下,目前却少有研究能够揭示和分析访问学者这类群体遇到的现实困境。文章运用访谈法对全国15所高校的22名来自不同学科且有访学经历的教师进行了调查,概括出六类主要问题:出国前的准备工作烦琐;访学外部驱动过强,内部动机不足;双方教师学术合作积极性高低不一;过程性监督缺乏实质意义;社会文化差异扰乱内生性学术追求;访学归来的扩散机制不健全。最后,文章从教师、院校和国家三个层面提出了访问学者访学有效性的提升路径。

In the context of higher education internationalization,it is necessary to enrich faculty’s international experience and enhance their international capabilities.Consequently,international visiting scholar as a phenomenon is becoming increasingly popular.However,few studies reveal and analyze the academic visiting’s realistic difticulties.In a series of interviews,this research investigates 22 teachers who come from 15 different universities with various disciplines and have study vistt expetience,and finds out six main problems.Preparations before leaving the country are cumbersome;external drive to vistt foreign countries is too strong and internal motivation is insuflicient;the level of enthusiasm for academic cooperation between the two sides varies;procedural supervision lacks substantive meaning;social and cultural differences disrupt endogenous academic pursuits;diffusion mechanisms after returning from visits are not sound.Ultimately a number of recommendations measures are proposed from individual,institutional and national levels in the end.