湖北武汉果实蝇害虫种群动态调查

Population dynamics of fruit fly pests in Wuhan,Hubei Province

为了解华中区域果实蝇害虫的发生规律和气候因子影响,以武汉市南湖地区的华中农业大学校内果园和湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所内蔬菜基地为调查地点,于2016年4月-2017年4月使用诱蝇醚和诱蝇酮为性引诱剂开展了诱捕调查,并结合华中农业大学当年的气象记录开展了气象因子分析。结果发现,果园和蔬菜基地内诱捕的果实蝇种类为南亚果实蝇和橘小实蝇,不同调查点的种群动态模式基本一致。南亚果实蝇于5-6月初开始出现,7-8月初达到第1个高峰期,随后呈现锐减趋势,并于9月下旬-10月出现第2个小高峰(梨园和蔬菜基地除外);而橘小实蝇主要于6月下旬之后开始出现,8月下旬-9月上旬达到高峰期,且未出现第2个小高峰(橘园除外);表明这2种果实蝇的发生呈现明显的错峰现象。通过相关性和主成分统计分析,推测气温条件(包括平均气温、平均最低温、平均最高温)和平均日照时数为影响果实蝇种群动态的关键气候因子。

Fruit fly pests,as important quarantine pests for fruit and vegetable in South China and Southwest China,have become more and more serious in Central China in recent years.However,few studies have been reported.In order to understand the occurrence of fruit fly pests and related meteorological factors in Central China,we determined the population dynamics of the fruit flies in the fruit orchards in Huazhong Agricultural University and the vegetable fields in Economic Crops Research Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nanhu district of Wuhan City from April 2016 to April 2017.Methyl eugenol and cuelure were used as sex attractants to conduct trapping surveys,and the meteorological factors of Huazhong Agricultural University were used to conduct meteorological analysis.The results showed that the fruit flies caught in the present research were Bactrocera tau(Walker)and B.dorsalis(Hendel).The population dynamics patterns of the two different survey sites were very similar.The B.tau began to appear from May to early June,reached the first peak during July-August,followed by a sharp decline,and reached a second small peak from late September to October(except for pear orchard and vegetable fields).While B.dorsalis began to appear after the end of June,reached the peak from late August to early September,and did not have the second small peak(except for the citrus orchard).The occurrence of the two fruit fly pests showed obvious phenomenon of peak shift.According to the statistical analysis of correlation and principal components,temperature conditions(including average temperature,average minimal temperature,and average maximal temperature)and average sunshine duration were assumed to be the key meteorological factors affecting fruit fly population dynamics.In summary,the fruit fly pests in Wuhan were mainly B.tau and B.dorsalis and the population dynamics of the two fruit fly pests indicated a significant peak shift from July to September.