控释氮肥用量对早熟油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of early mature rapeseed

为给控释氮肥在双季稻区早熟油菜生产上大面积应用提供依据,研究控释氮肥用量对早熟油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响,以早熟常规油菜"1358"为材料,于2012-2013年在江西省油菜主产县(市)设置6个田间试验,调查控释氮肥用量对早熟油菜产量、产油量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥施肥效应与普通氮肥施肥效应均有随施氮量的增加而增产的趋势。等量控释氮肥一次性基施比普通尿素分次施用增产,甚至适量降低控释氮肥用量也能达到普通氮肥合理施用量的产量水平,同时提高了氮肥利用率。在180kg/hm^2施氮水平下,控释氮肥一次性基施较普通尿素分次施用(底施60%,苗期施20%和抽薹期施20%)显著增产,油菜籽粒增产7.64%,产油量提高8.30%,氮肥利用率增加2.27个百分点。江西省双季稻区早熟油菜最适控释氮肥施用量为150kg/hm^2。

The effects of controlled release nitrogen(CRN)fertilizer application on yield,oil content,nitrogen absorption and utilization of early mature rapeseed were studied,in order to provide a scientific basis for CRN fertilizer application on early mature rapeseed in double cropping rice area of southern China.Rapeseed cultivar 1358 with short growth period was used as material in 6 field experiments in Jiangxi Province during 2012-2013.Results showed that CRN effect was consistent with normal nitrogen fertilization on rapeseed.Yield increased with the increased nitrogen application rate.The yield in the same amount of CRN was higher than that in the same nitrogen application.CRN application improved the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate at the same time.In the same amount nitrogen application rate of 180kg/hm^2,the rapeseed yield,oil production and the nitrogen use efficiency in CRN treatment with one-time application were higher than those in normal nitrogen fertilization treatment with three-time application(base fertilizer applied 6 0%,seedling fertilizer applied 20%and bolting fertilizer applied 20%)by 7.6 4%,8.3 0%and 2.27 percentage point respectively.The optimum CRN fertilizer application rate was 150kg/h m^2 under delayed sowing condition in winter fallow paddy of Jiangxi Province.