国外植保喷头技术开发进展

Development of Foreign Plant Protection Nozzles

喷头是植保机械药液雾化的关键装置,其性能优劣对喷雾质量有重要影响。主要阐述了国外通用喷头、静电喷头、抗飘喷头和变量喷头技术的研究成果和应用发展状况,对现有技术成果进行了综合性评述。在通用喷头方面注重结构优化、材料性能与CAD技术应用研究,在静电喷头方面侧重喷雾系统优化、喷雾技术原理与产业化研究,在抗飘喷头方面关注喷头结构设计、喷雾方案优化与提高药效利用率方法研究,在变量喷头方面强调控制技术、元器件与新喷头开发的研究,并指出国外植保喷头注重新技术、智能化和精准化方面的研究较多,而在喷头管理、新理论应用方面研究较少,没有规范统一的编码制度及缺乏专业化的监控体系等问题。最后提出植保喷头技术应在注重与新机具配套开发、制造技术要专业高精化、建立健全的编码制度和专业监控体系方面引起更多重视,以使其进一步为农林业发展服务。

The nozzle,which has an important influence on the spray quality,is the key device for the atomization of the plant machinary.This paper mainly describes the research achievements and application development of nozzles abroad,and reviews the existing technical achievements of general nozzles,electrostatic nozzles,anti-drift nozzles and variable nozzles.The reseach on general nozzles focuses on structural optimization,material properties and application of CAD technology;the research on electrostatic nozzles;focuses on the optimization of spray system,the principle and industrialization of spray technology;the research on anti-drift nozzles focuses on the design of the nozzle structure,the optimization of spray scheme and the method of improving the efficiency of drug use;the research on variable nozzles focuses on the development of control technology,components and new nozzles.It is pointed out that there are many researches on the technology,intelligence and precision of nozzles in plant protection abroad,but there are few researches on nozzle management and new theory applications;there is no uniform code system and specialized monitoring system is deficient.Finally,the authors put forward that plant protection nozzle technology should pay more attention to the supporting development of new machines and tools,the professional refinement of nozzle manufacturing technology,the establishment of a sound coding system and professional monitoring system,so as to further serve the development of agriculture and forestry.