秸秆还田条件下减量施磷对玉米产量、磷素利用率及土壤磷含量的影响

Effects of Reducing Phosphorus Application on Maize Yield,Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Soil Phosphorus Content under Straw Returning Condition

为了探明秸秆还田条件下磷肥的合适用量,在2013—2016年通过田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田条件下减量施磷对玉米产量、磷素利用率及土壤磷含量的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥处理相比,除秸秆还田初期(2013年)外,其余年份秸秆还田配施化肥处理均提高了玉米产量,且秸秆还田配施磷肥减量20%处理与秸秆还田磷全量处理之间的差异不显著,其中2016年秸秆还田配施磷肥减量20%处理的玉米籽粒产量增加8.08%;总体上,2013—2016年秸秆还田配施化肥处理提高了玉米植株氮、磷、钾吸收量及磷素利用率,其中秸秆还田配施磷肥减量20%处理在秸秆还田初期降低了对磷的吸收量,但随着秸秆还田时间的增加,其不再影响植株对磷素的吸收,磷素利用率为28.32%,提高了5.73个百分点;秸秆还田配施化肥处理土壤有机质含量平均提高了13.49%,有效磷含量平均提高了6.76%,但对土壤全磷含量影响不大。对于上述所有指标,秸秆还田配施磷肥减量20%处理与秸秆还田磷全量处理之间的差异均不显著。因此,玉米生产上采用秸秆还田的方式,能够降低磷肥用量,提高磷素利用率和产量,即使磷肥减量20%也不影响上述指标的提高。

In order to find out the appropriate application rate of phosphorus(P)fertilizer under the condition of straw returning to field,field experiment was carried out to research the effects of reducing application amout of P on maize yield,P utilization efficiency and soil P content under straw returning to field from of 2013 to 2016.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization,straw returning to field combined fertilization increased the yield of maize except in the early stage of straw returning to field,and the maize yield of the straw returning treatment with 20%reduction of P fertilizer increased by 8.08%;straw returning to field combined fertilization increased the nutrient uptake of N,P,K and P utilization efficiency,however,the straw returning treatment with 20%reduction of P fertilizer decreased the phosphorus absorption of maize in the early stage of straw returning to field,but with the increase of straw returning time,it promoted the P uptake of maize,the P utilization rate reached 28.32%,increased by 5.73 percent points;straw returning to field combined fertilization increased soil organic matter content by 13.49%,soil available P content by 6.76%,but had little effect on soil total phosphorus content.There was no difference between the treatment with 20%reduction of P fertilizer and the treatment with 100%P fertilizer.Therefore,the application of straw could reduce the amount of P fertilizer,improve the utilization rate of P and yield,even though the treatment with 20%reduction of P fertilizer had not affect the increase of above indexes.