2013—2017年我国北方马铃薯产区疮痂病病原菌组成分析

Analysis of Potato Common Scab Pathogens in Northern China from 2013 to 2017

为明确我国北方马铃薯疮痂病的病原菌组成情况,跟踪采集了2013—2017年我国北方马铃薯产区的马铃薯疮痂病典型病薯,从病斑上共分离纯化到423个链霉菌菌株,经温室盆栽柯赫氏法则验证,筛选到141个致病性较强的菌株。利用16S rDNA序列和生物学特征对选取的42个不同培养特征的致病菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,在过去的5 a中北方马铃薯产区疮痂病病原菌的组成具有明显多样性,获得的菌株中共包括7种疮痂病菌,其中河北的菌株有S.scabies、S.europaeiscabie、S.diastatochromogenes、S.galilaeus、S.enissocaesilis等种,内蒙古和山西有S.scabies和S.galilaeus,山东有S.scabies和S.turgidiscabies,陕西有S.diastatochromogenes、S.turgidiscabies和S.griseus,黑龙江有S.scabies和S.galilaeus,辽宁有S.scabies和S.griseus,说明我国北方马铃薯产区疮痂病病原菌组成和分布较为复杂。

The present research was conducted to identify and characterize the pathogens of potato common scab in northern China.The typical scabby tubers were collected from potato growing fields in northern China from 2013 to 2017.After isolating and purifying,423 Streptomyces isolates were obtained from scabby tubers.The pathogenicity of the isolates was verified according to Koch’s rule in greenhouse.One hundred and forty-one strains were screened as pathogenic strains and could induce typical scab symptoms on immature potato tubers.Forty-two different pathogenic strains were selected and identified according to the 16S rDNA sequence and biological characteristics.Results showed that in the past five years,the composition of the scab pathogens in the northern potato producing areas had significant diversity.Seven kinds of Streptomyces species were found in this work.Among them,S.scabies,S.europaeiscabie,S.diastatochromogenes,S.galilaeus and S.enissocaesilis were found in Hebei,S.scabies and S.galilaeus in Inner Mongolia and Shanxi,S.scabies and S.turgidiscabies in Shandong,S.diastatochromogenes,S.turgidiscabies and S.griseus in Shaanxi,S.scabies and S.galilaeus in Heilongjiang,S.scabies and S.griseus in Liaoning.The results indicated that the common scab pathogens had obvious composition diversity and distribution complexity in potato planting areas of northern China.