3D打印用ABS的改性与制备

Modification and Preparation of ABS for 3D Printing

以丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)为基体,分别以空心玻璃微珠(HGB)、聚碳酸酯(PC)及相容剂马来酸酐接枝ABS (ABS-g-MAH)为改性剂,考察不同改性剂含量对ABS力学性能、耐热性能、收缩率的影响,并通过挤出成型制备改性ABS线材,采用3D打印技术中的熔融沉积成型(FDM)技术打印相关制品,对比改性前后打印制品的性能。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂改性的HGB可以降低ABS的密度和收缩率,提高材料的热变形温度,当HGB质量分数为8%时,ABS的拉伸强度和弯曲弹性模量最高;通过添加PC,可以显著提高材料的力学性能及耐热性能,但是对收缩率有较大的不利影响;通过添加适量的相容剂ABS-g-MAH可进一步提高材料性能,其中收缩率的下降更为明显;当HGB,PC和ABS-g-MAH质量分数分别为8%,5%,5%时,改性后的ABS具有较好的综合性能,其FDM打印试样的拉伸强度、弯曲弹性模量及热变形温度较未改性打印试样分别提高了20.9%,18%,4.8%,收缩率由1%下降至0.6%,能够打印大尺寸制品而不发生翘曲及开裂。

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS)was used as matrix and hollow glass beads(HGB),polycarbonate(PC)and compatibilizer ABS grafted maleic anhydride(ABS-g-MAH)were used as modifiers,the effects of different type modifiers contents on the mechanical properties,heat resistance,shrinkage of ABS were investigated.The modified ABS filament was prepared by extrusion molding,and the part was printed by the fused deposition molding(FDM)technology of 3D printing.The difference between the printed parts before and after modification was also compared.The results show that the addition of silane modified HGB can reduce the density and shrinkage rate of ABS,improve the bending property and heat deflection temperature(HDT),when the mass fraction of HGB is 8%,the tensile strength and flexural modulus are highest.The addition of PC can improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance obviously,but has a large adverse effect on the shrinkage rate.The properties can be further improved by adding compatibilizer ABS-g-MAH with proper content and the decrease of the shrinkage rate is more significant.When the mass fraction of HGB,PC and ABS-g-MAH are 8%,5%,5%respectively,the modified ABS has better comprehensive performances,compared with the unmodified ABS FDM printing sample,the tensile strength,flexural modulus and HDT of the modified printing sample improve by 20.9%,18%,4.8%respectively and the shrinkage rate decreases 1%to 0.6%.The modified ABS filament can be used for printing large-size parts without warping and cracking.