边境战争后印度拘禁华侨与中国政府的应对新探

A New Exploration into India's Interning Overseas Chinese after the Sino-Indian War and Chinese Government's Response

利用中国外交部解密档案和印度外交部编撰的《白皮书》《外事档案》等文献,论文探讨了边境战争后印度围捕和拘禁华侨的真实意图,梳理了中国政府救助被拘难侨的具体过程。1962年中印边境战争中,印军共有三千多名官兵被俘,却"没有任何中国俘虏"。在国际援助和国内压力的双重作用下,为了维护国家的"体面、尊严和自尊",获得战俘问题上的所谓"对等",在中国主动停火撤军后相当长的一段时间内,印度当局围捕和拘禁了数千名无辜的华侨华人作为人质,藉此彰显其强硬姿态,安抚国内上下的不满情绪。中国政府对印度当局围捕和拘禁华侨的行为高度重视,外交部及驻印使馆、华侨事务委员会、交通部等部门为营救受难侨胞付出了不懈的努力,经过与印方的艰难交涉,最终接回了部分难侨。但由于印度当局蛮横坚持按照其确定的数量、指定的地点和选定的人员"遣返"被拘难侨,导致中国政府的救助行动困难重重,最终未竟全功。

Using the declassified documents of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China and White paper and Foreign Affairs Record compiled by Indian Ministry of External Affairs and other documents,this paper explores the real intention of arresting and interning overseas Chinese after the border war.It also studies the specific process of the Chinese government’s rescue to the interned overseas Chinese.In the 1962 Sino-Indian border war,more than 3000 officers and soldiers of the Indian army were captured,but no Chinese prisoners.Under the double action of international aid and domestic pressure,in order to preserve the decency,dignity and self-respect of the state and obtain the so-called prisoners’reciprocal treatment,a long time after China took the initiative to cease fire and withdraw its troops,Indian authorities arrested and interned thousands of innocent overseas Chinese as hostages in an attempt to demonstrate its strong stance to calm domestic discontent.Chinese government attached great importance to the actions of the Indian authorities.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Embassy of China in India,the Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee,the Ministry of Transport and other departments had made unremitting efforts to rescue the interned overseas Chinese through difficult negotiations with India,and finally returned some of the interned overseas Chinese.However,Chinese government’s efforts were hampered by the Indian authorities’insistence on the repatriation of interned overseas Chinese in accordance with the number,location and personnel determined by them.