建窑瓷器的胎釉结构研究

Body and Glaze Structure of Jian Ware

本研究选取大路边建窑遗址出土各类瓷片七片,其中乌金釉、金兔毫、银兔毫、斑点、绿釉、柿红釉、黑白釉瓷片各一片,唐代铜川耀州窑黑釉瓷片两片与唐代曲阳涧定窑黑釉瓷片各一片作为对比,采用X射线荧光光谱仪、偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜研究了建窑各类黑釉瓷的胎釉成分与显微胎釉结构。结果显示建窑釉面成分偏离分相区间元素组成,釉面析晶导致局部贫铁,SEM未观测到小于0.3μm的分相结构。不同类型建窑胎釉结构存在显著差异,与耀州窑及定窑黑釉瓷的结构差异也较为明显,故对于建窑工艺判别不能一概而论。

In this study,the glaze compositions and microstructures of seven black-glazed porcelain sherds excavated from Jian kiln site in Dalubian were tested by EDXRF,SEM and polarizing microscope.At the same time,the black-glazed sherds from Yaozhou Kiln in Tongchuan and Ding Kiln in Quyangjian were taken for a comparison.The results show the composition of the top glaze on Jian ware is not in the area of phase separation in ternary phase diagrams and no phase separation structure less than 3μm is observed in SEM pictures.There are huge differences among different types of Jian ware,Yaozhou ware and Ding ware.The production technology of Jian ware can not be generalized.