资本下乡与乡村精英再造

Capital Going to the Countryside and Reconstruction of Rural Elite

在工商资本大规模下乡背景下,回流人才及村庄内的部分精英农户抓住时机、响应机会并采取行动,在公司主义的包围中成为乡村场域中另一部分拥有相对话语权的群体,完成了乡村精英的重塑。乡村新精英的产生是政策驱动、资本推动、精英回流的共同结果。新精英通过和资本同盟积极响应经济机会,与基层政府结成"权力—利益"共同体谋求政治嵌入,凭借熟人网络带动和俘获普通农户以强化社会关联。乡村精英再造具有双重效应,对乡村治理产生深远影响。新精英的兴起激发了乡村内源发展动力,有利于实现乡村振兴,但也由于资源分配的不平衡加剧了乡村阶层分化。

Against the background of large-scale industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside,returning talents and some elite farmers in the village seize the opportunity and become the groups that have relative discourse power,which completes the remodeling of the village elite.The emergence of new rural elites is the common result of policy-driven,capital-driven and elite backflow.Through the alliance with the capital,the new elite seized the opportunities for attaining profit and formed a“power-interest”community with the grassroots government to shape the network of relationships.At the same time,with the acquaintance of ordinary households who are weak and powerless,villagers have been brought together in acquiring wealth while the new elites are capturing policy resources.The new elite gradually has a profound impact on village life and village governance:The new elites,by their exemplary role,have promoted the village’s mobility and promoted the endogenous development of villages,but also exacerbated the stratification of villages due to the unbalanced distribution of resources.