区域主义路径下互联网贸易规则的新发展与中国对策

The New Developments of Online Trade Disciplines in Regional Trade Negotiation Platforms and China's Response

近年来在以双边和区域谈判为主要平台的国际贸易规则重构中,作为"21世纪新议题"的互联网贸易规则成为贸易谈判的重要内容。然而,发达国家在区域主义路径下主导的互联网贸易规则构建的核心在于强化互联网贸易自由化,却并未赋予与互联网贸易自由化相匹配的合理的国家规制权。谈判实力强的缔约方更能够利用"除外机制"预先将本国核心利益产业排除在协定范围之外。以地理区域为基础的国际协调也可能加剧互联网贸易规则的碎片化与争端解决机制的管辖权竞合现象。为了应对发达国家主导的区域互联网贸易规则上升为国际领域的习惯规则,中国应当坚持在现有多边贸易框架基础上拓展和深化互联网贸易规则,积极回应发展中国家的合法利益诉求,在互联网贸易国际规则的构建中发挥大国领导力。

Recently the international trade law regime has shown a process of reconstruction mainly through bilateral and regional negotiations.In this process,online trade disciplines as new issues of the 21st century have become important content for trade negotiations.Developed countries have tried to utilize bilateral and regional negotiation platforms to shape the construction of online trade disciplines,which mainly focused on strengthening online trade liberalization.However,the party states’domestic regulations have been largely omitted.More powerful parties can take advantage of the“carve-out”mechanism to exclude important industries and domestic measures from the application of these rules.Moreover,the regional-negotiation based coordination will not only aggravate the fragmentation of online trade legal system,but also create overlapped jurisdictions for dispute resolutions.To prevent regional rules from becoming customary rules through multilateralising regionalism,China should insist on deepening online trade disciplines based on the existing multilateral trade regime,actively respond to the legitimate interests of developing countries,and lead to establish a truly fair and inclusive framework for online trade governance.