风险社会的正义分配:基于差别原则的正义衡量

The Justice Distribution of the Risk Society:Justice Measurement Based on the Principle of Difference

风险社会与其说是关于资源与财富的分配,不如说是对风险认知与风险治理能力的分配。能力进路的分配正义是在契约论进路的分配正义之外的积极尝试,它试图修正罗尔斯正义论偏重于财富与收入的分配逻辑,转而根据可行的能力来决定资源的合理分布。"能力门槛"的分配进路一方面需要遵循一人一票式的算术式平等原则,但基于自然的偶然性因素与社会的偶然性因素所导致的不平等使得差异原则也不可或缺。

Rather than the allocation of resources and wealth,risk society is the risk perception and risk management capacity of the distribution.The distributive justice of the ability approach is a positive attempt besides the distribution justice of contractual approach.It attempts to correct the deficiencies of Rawls’theory,which emphasizes the distribution of wealth and income,and uses capabilities to determine the rational distribution of resources.The distribution of each capability of threshold level needs to follow the one-person-one-vote principle of arithmetic equality,but the principle of difference is also indispensable due to inequality caused by accidental factors of nature and social contingency factors.