无人机在农业中的应用现状与展望

Applications and trends of unmanned aerial vehicle in agriculture

无人机具有机动、灵活的特点,将其搭载传感器用于农田监测不易受天气影响,且可获得高分辨率影像,对辅助农田精准管理具有重要意义。另外,无人机也可搭载农机,实施农田作业,有利于提高作业效率,减少对作物生长的扰动。近年来,将无人机应用于农业生产管理已成为研究热点,并已陆续开展了系列研究。但总体而言,这方面的研究还处于起步阶段,需要对发展现状进行系统梳理,并分析存在的问题,以促进无人机技术更好地在农业上进行应用。本文从农用无人机的硬件设备及农用无人机在植物长势监测、产量估测、氮素营养诊断、病虫害监测、田间管理等领域的应用等方面出发,归纳总结了无人机在农业生产中的应用现状,并在此基础上提出未来的若干发展方向,以期为相关领域的深入研究提供参考。

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)has the characteristics of flexibility,not easily affected by weather condition,and can acquire high-resolution images when used to monitor crop growth status with mounted sensors.Thus,the UAV is of great significance to assist precision agriculture.In addition,the UAV can also be equipped with agricultural machinery to make field management,which can improve working efficiency and reduce disturbance to crop growth.In recent years,the application of UAV in agriculture has become a hot spot,and a series of studies have been conducted.However,in general,research in this area is still at its beginning phase.Therefore,we need to systematically summarize the application status of UAV and analyze existing problems,which can promote its better application in agriculture.This paper concluded the hardware equipment of agricultural UAV and its application status in some aspects,including plant growth monitoring,yield forecasting,nitrogen nutrition diagnosing,pests and diseases detecting and field management,and then put forward some development directions,in order to provide references for further research in related fields.