基于高分一号卫星遥感影像的地表岩性特征提取及三维可视化

Extraction and 3D Visualization of Surface Lithology Based on GF-1 Satellite Images

利用遥感技术识别地表岩石类型及其空间分布特征是遥感岩性特征提取的一项重要内容。该文针对高分一号(GF-1)卫星遥感影像特征,以地质勘探程度较高的山西沁水盆地柿庄南部为研究区,在综合分析该区域地质特征及其遥感影像特点的基础上,探讨了基于GF-1卫星遥感影像的地表岩性特征提取及三维可视化方法。通过综合运用波段比值法和面向对象的多尺度分割、分类算法,实现了研究区地表岩性特征提取;并结合区域地质调查和野外钻井实测剖面,对遥感岩性识别结果进行了验证对比和成果综合;进而,借助三维地表模型和三维地质模型,完成了二维地表遥感岩石类型及其分布特征的三维空间拓展和地学模型集成。结果表明,基于GF-1卫星影像可快速完成地表岩性特征提取及其三维空间表达,可为三维遥感地质填图提供可靠的应用借鉴。

It is an essential part of remote sensing lithology extraction to identify surface rock types and spatial distribution characteristics using remote sensing technologies.In this paper,taking the Southern Region of Shizhuang as the experimental zone,which is located in Qinshui Basin of Shanxi Province,the methods of surface lithology extraction and 3D visualization based on the GF-1 satellite images and analysis of regional geology features were developed.The surface lithology was extracted from GF-1 satellite images by using algorithms of band ratio,multi-scale segmentation,and object-oriented classification.The identification results were then verified and synthesized by combining the data from geological surveying and well drilling.Finally,with the help of the 3D surface model and the 3D geological model,2D identification results of surface lithology were expanded to the 3D space,and the 3D stratum model was constructed.This successful application shows that the methods discussed in this paper can quickly achieve surface lithology extraction and 3D space expression by using GF-1 satellite images,which could provide reliable application reference for 3D remote sensing geological mapping.