老有所护:长期护理制度的财源选择

Care for the Old: Financial Source of the Long-term Care System

随着人口老龄化导致的护理需求增加,家庭护理功能弱化,通过政府介入长期护理已成为21世纪福利国家的重要议题。我国基本确立了以保险为主的长期护理财政模式,但各地试点实践中方案不一,学界亦争议不断,主要问题集中于保险覆盖全体国民还是仅适用于高龄群体;保险费负担主体除个人和国家外,是否应当将企业囊括在内。可以借鉴德国和日本的经验,采取社会保险的方式筹集资金,以逐渐实现全民保险为目标,通过国家、企业、个人三方共同构建可持续的财政来源,并以商业保险、社会救助作为补充,在不断实践、研讨、试点的过程中探索出适合我国国情的长期护理保险之路。

It has become an important issue in the 21st century for welfare state governments to step into long-term care for the increasing demand resulted by the aging population and deteriorating family care function.Our country has estab?lished insurance-based finance model for long-term care,and however,the programs carried varied,and incurred continu?ous dispute within theoretical community.The main issues are among the scope of the insured,the party which burdens the insurance fees,etc.It is suggested to learn lessons from German and Japan,to raise money from social insurance,take grad?ual universal long-term care coverage as goal,establish sustainable financial income with the joint effort of the government,enterprises and individuals,and make commercial insurance and personal saving for complement.Our long-term care in?surance road will be explored in the process of ceaseless experiment,discussion,and experience.