三门湾春秋季鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in Sanmen bay during spring and autumn

根据2014年11月(秋季)和2015年5月(春季)在三门湾进行渔业资源调查以及同步调查的6个主要环境因子数据(水温、盐度、悬浮物、p H、溶解氧及化学需氧量等),对三门湾鱼类群落结构及其与6个主要环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,共捕获鱼类33种,其中以季节性洄游种类和暖水性种类为主。春、秋季优势种各有5种,其中棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼和孔虾虎鱼为共同优势种。应用非度量多维测度分析(NMDS)和单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)可得,春、秋鱼类群落均可划分为2组,其中1组主要分布在湾内,而另1组主要分布在湾口,在不同站位组间均存在极显著差异。长度谱分析结果显示,鱼类群落长度谱的斜率和截距有明显的季节性差异。RDA分析结果表明,鱼类群落主要受温度、溶解氧、悬浮物和p H等环境因子影响。

Based on the data collected from the bottom trawl survey and environmental investigation in November 2014 and May 2015,this paper studied the community structure of fish assemblage and its relationships with 6 major environmental factors in Sanmen bay.The results show,a total of 33 fish species were captured,species composition was dominated by seasonal migratory species,the settling species played a leading role in biomass,and the species were mainly composed of warm water fishes.There were 5 kinds of dominant species in autumn and spring,Collichthys lucidus,Harpodon nehereus,Trypauchen vagina were the common dominant species;NMDS and ANOSIM analysis revealed that the survey stations could be divided into 2 groups,of which one group was mainly distributed on the inside of the bay and the other one was mainly in the estuary;Significant difference was detected between the different stations in each season;The size spectrum analysis showed that the slope and intercept of fish community structure have obvious seasonal differences in Sanmen bay.RDA analysis showed that the fish communities structure was dominated by environmental factors such as temperature,dissolved oxygen,suspended matter and pH.