规定·描写·宣示——词典编纂三原则阐释

Prescription,Description and Proscription: Three Principles in Dictionary Compilation

传统词典学认为,规定和描写是词典编纂的两个指导原则。规定性词典注重体现语言的规范性,而描写性词典强调呈现语言的客观性。21世纪以来,宣示法因融合了规定法和描写法的优点,规避了两者的局限性,而受到国外词典学界的关注。文章对词典编纂的这三个原则的历史发展和典型特点逐一进行概要性阐述,重点探讨宣示法的产生、发展和应用,再分析如何对这三个原则进行综合应用,以期对国内的词典学理论研究和词典编纂实践带来有益启示。

Prescription and description are the two guiding principles in traditional lexicography,which emphasize the normalization and objectivity of language respectively.In the 21st century,proscription has drawn the attention of lexicographers,as it combines the merits of prescription and description and avoids their demerits.This paper briefly introduces the historical development and typical features of the three principles,with the focus on the birth,development,and application of proscription,and analyzes the comprehensive application of the three principles in dictionary making.