近郊型河流景观的生态修复--以德国德莱萨姆河为例

The Eco-restoration of Suburban River Landscape——A Case Study on Dreisam River, Freiburg, Germany

目前中国近郊型河流生态修复的研究内容聚焦于河流岸线形态、河流堤岸与坡面结构、缓冲带景观植物配置等具体的修复方法层面,综合性的景观修复参考案例较少。德国德莱萨姆河自2012年以来,以近自然修复理念为主导,计划并实施了针对防洪能力升级、河流形态改良、河流生态连续性修复等方面的一系列生态修复工程,在显著提高河流防洪能力、提升河道及河岸带生态质量的同时,合理地开发了水能,适度地导入了具有科普教育意义的娱乐休闲功能,构建了富有野趣的近自然郊野河流景观。从修复理念、修复策略、工程措施、修复效果等方面综合解析德国德莱萨姆河生态修复项目。归纳总结得到生态审美观下的修复理念、低影响的生态修复策略、可持续性的生态修复工法、多样性功能复合的河流景观营造等借鉴经验,以期能为我国近郊型河流景观生态修复提供参考。

At present,the researches on the ecological restoration of suburban rivers in China focus on the specific repair methods such as river shoreline shape,river bank and slope structure,and buffer zone landscape plant configuration and so on,lacking comprehensive landscape restoration reference cases,though.Series of ecological restoration projects for Dreisam River,concentrating on upgrading flood control capability,improving river shape and repairing river ecological continuity,have been planned and constructed since 2012.These projects have significantly promoted the capacity of river flood control and ecological quality of the watercourse as well as the riparian zones.Meanwhile,they have also appropriately developed hydraulic energy and introduced science-andeducational-oriented recreational functions by constructing natural river landscape alongside.This paper is devoted to a comprehensive analysis on the case study of Dreisam River from the perspectives of restoration concepts,restoration strategies,engineering measures,and remediation effects.It has summarized the experiences of ecological restoration,involving the restoration concepts under ecological aesthetics,the restoration strategies with less negative effects,ecological restoration methods with greater sustainability,and river landscape constructions with diverse functions,in a move to provide a reference for the ecological restoration of suburban river landscape.