雄安地区清代皇家水猎风景地的建设

The Royal Water Hunting Landscape Construction of Qing Dynasty in Xiong'an Area

雄安地区风景有史以来就以白洋淀为核心代表,直至清代,随着京畿南部大规模的水利治理,一跃成为皇家水猎风景地,其标志就是康熙十六年(1677年)的"霸州水猎",继而建立起配套的行宫园林,至乾隆时期遂成体系,与热河木兰秋狝形成"一南一北、一水一旱、一春一秋"的格局。这些行宫园林同时也是国家巡游体系的组成部分,将雄安地区与帝都紧密联系为一体,提升了在畿辅首善之区的地位。此外,这一风景地的建设还影响着京城皇家园林,催生出昆明湖地区的水利整治,并最终取代了白洋淀的水猎地位。在历经170年后,随着大区域的水利失控、泥土淤积、占湖开田,本区生态恶化、风景价值降低。随着道光年间裁撤淀内行宫,白洋淀作为皇家风景游览地的功能就此终结。

The scenery of the Baiyangdian Lake has always been regarded as a representative in Xiong'an area.Till Qing Dynasty,with the large-scale water conservancy control in the south of the capital,it became the royal water hunting place when the"Bazhou Shui Lie"(Bazhou water hunting)happened in the sixteen years of Emperor Kangxi(1677).Afterwards,a temporary palace garden was built,and it was totally completed in the period of Emperor Qianlong.With the other royal hunting place-Rehe Mulan Qiuxian,the pattern of"one south and one north","one water and one land","one spring and one autumn"was formed.The palace gardens of Xiong'an area became a part of the national cruising and inspecting system in Qing Dynasty,which closely connected with Xiong'an area and the imperial capital.The construction of the landscape in Xiong'an area also affected the royal gardens in Beijing,induced the water system management in Kunming Lake area,and eventually its hunting function was replaced by Kunming lake area.After 170 years,with the water system management out of control,mud deposition,and agricultural field development,the ecological environment deteriorated and the landscape value of the Baiyangdian area decreased.In the period of Emperor Daoguang,the temporary palace garden in Baiyangdian was repealed,which marks the ending of the function as a royal scenic spot in Baiyangdian area.